Does the Bible Support “Innocent Until Proven Guilty”?

The revolutionary idea of “innocent until proven guilty” can be observed in God’s Law for Israel in regards to six “cities of refuge” being established for this very cause (Deuteronomy 19, Numbers 35:6-34 & Joshua 20).

To explain, these cities served as sanctuaries for those guilty of involuntary manslaughter — an unintentional killing of another person — to protect them from revenge by family members or loved ones, referred to as “the avenger of blood” in the text, which technically refers to the kinsman-redeemer, i.e. the nearest male blood relative of the one who had perished.

Here’s how this judicial process worked: If an Israelite killed another person, accidentally or otherwise, they could find immediate asylum in a city of refuge where they would await trial while living & working under the watchful eyes of the Levites. A murder conviction had to be based on more than one witness (Deuteronomy 19:15) and the judges involved were charged with investigating the case in detail, including the thorough cross-examination of witnesses and their testimonies (Deuteronomy 19:18).

The six cities of refuge were located throughout Israel with three on either side of the Jordan River, which made them accessible to any Israelite charged with possible murder. You can get a map visual from several images here.

Hebrews found guilty of murder were turned over to the avenger of blood for just execution (Deuteronomy 19:11-13). However, those determined to be innocent were guaranteed protection in the city of refuge where they would stay until at least the death of the high priest (Numbers 35:25). If they left the city before this they obviously were not assured protection.

Spiritual Application of Cities of Refuge for New Covenant Believers

The Bible stresses that the LORD is a strong, fortified tower in which the righteous can run to and be safe (Proverbs 18:10). Of course no one is righteous in themselves (Romans 3:10), but we can acquire righteousness — in-right-standing with God — through faith in Jesus Christ (Romans 3:22). In other words, any sinner can find a “city of Refuge” in Christ (Colossians 1:21-23 & John 3:16, 3:36).

For fascinating details on this figurative application, see this article.

Is Christianity a “Relationship with God”?

Religion and Christianity — What’s the Difference?

Christianity — Does it Weaken People or Empower?

Law (Torah) — New Testament Believers are NOT Under the Law

The Basics of Christianity

Absolute Pacifism (Unbiblical) vs. Limited Pacifism (Biblical)

What Form of GOVERNMENT Is Best?